The collection contains over 40 000 pieces; the most valuable may be admired in the show cases of the permanent exhibition and Treasure Hall. Many of them put themselves into evidence: the figurative bronzes; jewels which are impressing through the variety of both the raw materials and shapes as well as through the finesse of the execution; the Palaeo-Christian objects came from the Niculitel basilica, Beroe (Piatra Frecatei), the monastic complex unveiled near of the (L)Ibida fortress (Slava Rusa) and from other archaeological sites from the Roman, Roman-Byzantine and Early Middle Age, all representative for the beginnings of the Christianity at the Lower Danube; the marble or limestone sculptures - statues, funerary portraits, statuettes, votive altars, votive plates, funerary stele, architectonic pieces which put into the light the beauty of the Roman art; the richest and most diversified collection is the ceramic one, which contains pieces from all the historical ages.
The patrimony of the Museum of History and Archaeology is organized in three main collections:
The collection comprises 45000 ancient, medieval and modern pieces. Among them, the biggest part of the Uzun Baiir treasure - the most important treasure of this kind in Europe, shows over 21000 Tartars dirhems, 175 Byzantine hyperpers, 75 silver ingots, gold and silver adornments. Beside this, the collection contains the premonetary signs treasures from Jurilovca and Visina, the obols of Orgamé/Argamum, Republican Roman denarii of Tulcea, Imperial Roman denarii of Agighiol, Trestenic and Alba, antoninians of Tulcea and schyphate coins of Isaccea. Over 500 medals marking important events of the Romanian history belong to the collection inventory.
The collection groups together objects with historical and memorial value, documents, photos, maps and journals which shows political, military, economical, social and cultural aspects of the Northern Dobrudja in the 19th-20th centuries. The collection of documents and photos belonging to Stefan Bors is remarkable through the value of its information. Stefan Bors was mayor of the town and president of Tulcea County Council, political man (deputy and senator), his name being also related to the execution of many public buildings of Tulcea. Over 400 documents containing aspects regarding the activity of the European Commission of the Danube and that of the Maritime Danube Department are among the most valuable acquisitions made by the Museum of History and Archaeology.